Karl-Heinz Wildmoser senior ( May 5, 1939 in Munich , † July 28, 2010 ibid [1] ) was a German restauranteur and longtime club president of TSV 1860 Munich .
Life
Karl-Heinz Wildmoser grew up in very modest circumstances with four siblings. His father, whom he lost when he was nine, made his living as a shoemaker.
In Rottach-Egern am Tegernsee , Karl-Heinz Wildmoser did an apprenticeship as a butcher and then passed the master craftsman 's examination. He first came into contact with football in the youth team of TSG Pasing. After starting his apprenticeship as a butcher in Rottach-Egern, he joined the local boxing club and became the South German heavyweight champion . [2]
Wildmoser's career as a restaurateur began in 1961 as a bartender in the Munich home for singles. [3] His later gastronomy empire included a. the traditional Donisl restaurant on Marienplatz and the Gasthof Hinterbrühl in Munich's Thalkirchen district. Wildmoser has been represented at the Oktoberfest since 1981 as the Wiesn landlord with the chicken and duck roasting tent.
On the morning of July 28, 2010, Wildmoser died at the age of 71 in the Klinikum Rechts der Isar , where a benign brain tumor had been removed twelve days earlier after a weakness attack. According to the hospital, the cause of death was cardiac arrest as a result of a massive pulmonary embolism . [4] His grave is in the Starnberg Forest Cemetery.
family
In 1961 Wildmoser married his wife Theres. With her he had two children, his daughter was born in 1962, his son Heinzi in 1964. He also had illegitimate twins who were born in 1961. [5] [6]
offices
Karl-Heinz Wildmoser was President of the Bundesliga soccer team TSV 1860 Munich from May 17, 1992 until his resignation on March 15, 2004. Under his presidency, the traditional club rose from the Bayernliga to the 1st Bundesliga within two years in the 1990s. On May 14, 2001 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit. However, part of the fan base accuses him of having sold the club's identity by building the Allianz Arena stadium jointly with archrival FC Bayern Munich . Wildmoser left the club in a financially desolate state after his resignation.
In 2003, Wildmoser had to pay a fine of 27,000 euros for tax evasion. It was about hidden salary payments to players of TSV 1860 Munich. [7]
awards
2004 Munich Story Prize [8]
Paris Hilton is the eldest daughter of Richard Hilton and Kathy Richards-Hilton . She has a younger sister named Nicholai "Nicky" Hilton and two younger brothers, Barron and Conrad Hilton.
Hilton attended Canterbury School in Connecticut , Buckley School in Sherman Oaks , California , and most recently Dwight School in New York , where she was a cheerleader . At the age of 17 she left school. [1] Three years later, she began working as a model. In addition to modeling, Hilton has appeared in a few lesser-known films as a supporting actress.
In 2000 she had her first success when she was photographed for the magazines GQ and FHM . In 2003, Paris Hilton starred in the series The Simple Life , produced by US television network Fox , in which she experienced rural life on a farm in Altus , Arkansas , alongside her friend Nicole Richie . The initially poor ratings improved after a private sex tape of her became public. Her ex-boyfriend Rick Salomon had released the film as a VHS video and DVD under the title 1 Night in Paris . In 2005, the film received three AVN Awards , including a. as the best-selling and best-rented sex tape. Paris Hilton sued Salomon and was subsequently awarded $400,000 in damages and a share of the proceeds from the sale. After the fifth season (Goes to Camp), The Simple Life was canceled.
Paris Hilton published a book in 2004 called Confessions of an Heiress: A Tongue-in-Chic Peek Behind the Pose. It spent weeks in the top ten on the New York Times bestseller list. In 2005, after a few minor supporting roles, she landed her first major film role in the horror film House of Wax .
Paris Hilton was engaged to Greek multi-billionaire son Paris Latsis from May to October 2005. To raise money for victims of Hurricane Katrina , Paris Hilton auctioned herself, raising $200,000 for the fundraiser, which a male fan paid to spend New Year's Eve with her.
On February 15, 2007, Paris Hilton was Richard Lugner's star guest at the annual Vienna Opera Ball .
Mug shot of Paris Hilton (2007)
In September 2006, Paris Hilton had her driver's license suspended for drunk driving. In late February 2007, Hilton was again pulled over by police officers for driving at night without her lights on. Officers determined that she was behind the wheel without a valid driver's license, violating the terms of her probation. Therefore, on May 4, 2007, a California court sentenced her to 45 days in prison at the Century Regional Detention Center in Lynwood . The court considered Hilton's apology that her spokesman, Elliott Mintz, misinformed her about the parole terms as irrelevant. The hotel heiress had justified her repeated driving without a license in court by saying that Mintz had repeatedly told her that her driver's license was only revoked for a month and that she could continue to drive "for professional purposes". She had to serve her sentence on May 5. June 2007, otherwise this would have doubled to 90 days. [2] Elliott Mintz was fired from Paris Hilton that same day. Hilton's attorney immediately appealed the verdict. Paris Hilton tried to have the verdict reviewed by writing letters to various politicians , including California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger . Their efforts apparently had an effect, because on 17. In May 2007, her sentence was reduced to 23 days. Prison officials gave Hilton credit for showing up on time for the final court hearing. [3]
Paris Hilton leaving a yacht in Cannes (2016)
In the early morning of June 7, 2007, she was finally released from Lynwood, California Women's Prison after three days incarceration and placed under house arrest after first her lawyer and later her psychiatrist visited her in prison. The authorities justified the dismissal with “medical reasons”. [4]
On the morning of June 8, Hilton was summoned back to court. Judge Michael T. Sauer found that the release to house arrest was illegal and that Hilton was serving her full sentence in prison. Hilton was then taken back to prison crying and screaming from the courtroom. On the night of June 25-26, 2007, she was released from prison for good behavior. [5]
From May 2008, her reality show My new BFF (= "best friend forever") was filmed in Los Angeles. Hilton used this show to find a new best friend. [6] Because of the great interest and the high number of viewers in the USA, Hilton subsequently shot a British [7] and a Dubai [8] version of her show.
In October 2009, she starred in the American mystery series Supernatural . In it, she plays a pagan deity who takes the form of the hotel heiress.
On August 28, 2010, cocaine was found on Hilton's premises during a vehicle stop in Las Vegas , leading to her arrest for drug possession . She was released without bail the next morning and in the fall of that year was sentenced to one year's probation, 200 hours of community service and a $ 2,000 fine. [9] [10]
From February 2017 she was in a relationship with the American actor Chris Zylka [11] and engaged to him from January to November 2018. [12] [13]
She has been officially dating American entrepreneur Carter Milliken Reum since January 2020. [
186 Oktoberfest took place from 21. Sept. to 6. October 2019.
It has been held annually on the Theresienwiese in the Bavarian capital since 1810 (however, the festival was canceled 24 times up to 2019). The organizer is the Munich City Administration (Department for Labor and Economics). [2] For the Oktoberfest, some Munich breweries brew a special beer that has an original gravity of at least 13.5 % [3] and about 5.8 to 6.4 contains alcohol by volume. [4] The Oktoberfest generated a turnover of 1.2 in 2018 billion euros including overnight stays.
The first Oktoberfest
On the occasion of the wedding of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria and Princess Therese on October 12, 1810, numerous private and public celebrations took place in Munich, including a horse race on October 17. The Oktoberfest goes back to this. Presumably in memory of the scarlet race that was last held in 1786 and which took place in the 15th century. Century took place for the first time in front of the Karlstor and later became part of the Jakobidult , Andreas Michael Dall'Armi , in his function as Major of the National Guard, proposed a horse race with an exhibition and show for public homage to the bridal couple. It has been handed down that the original idea that led to this project came from the hired coachman and non-commissioned officer of the National Guard, Franz Baumgartner. However, this assumption about the origin of the festival is considered controversial. [7]
The fairground, which was outside of the city at the time, was chosen for its natural suitability. The Sendlinger Berg (today Theresienhöhe ) served as a grandstand for the 40,000 spectators of the race. The fairground remained undeveloped except for the king's tent. The tasting of the visitors took place above the grandstand on the hill, where "Traiteurs" u. a. offered wine and beer. Before the race began, a tribute to the bride and groom and royalty took the form of a 16th-century procession Pairs of children, with traditional costumes, which represented the possessions of the Wittelsbacher, the nine Bavarian districts and other regions. A choir of holiday students then sang before the festival race finally started at 30 followed horses on an 11,200 foot (3270 meter) racetrack. The horse of the presumed initiator Franz Baumgartner crossed the finish line as the winner. [8th]
development into a folk festival
19th century
Oktoberfest (around 1900)
Beer delivery for the Oktoberfest (1908)
Plan of the Oktoberfest 1910
In 1813 the Oktoberfest was canceled because Bavaria was involved in the Napoleonic Wars . After that, the festival grew from year to year. Climbing trees, bowling alleys and swings were added to the racecourse. In 1818 the first carousel was set up. Several lots attracted the poorer townsfolk in particular, as there was porcelain, silver and jewelery to be won. In 1819 the Munich city fathers took over the management of the festival. From now on, the Oktoberfest was planned to be celebrated every year.
Since 1850, the almost 20 meter high statue of Bavaria over the fairground. In 1853 the Hall of Fame at the foot of the Bavaria was completed. In the following years some festivals were cancelled. The reason for this was two cholera epidemics in 1854 and 1873, the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War in 1870.
Towards the end of the 19th century, the Oktoberfest developed more and more into the folk festival known all over the world today. It was extended in time and brought forward to the last days of September, which are usually nice and warm because of the Indian summer . Since then, only the last Oktoberfest weekend falls in October.
From 1880 onwards, the city administration approved the sale of beer. The beer was served in small booths. In order to create more seats for the visitors and space for a band , in 1898 the innkeeper Georg Lang from Nuremberg secured five booth spaces through straw men and built his "Bierburg" here. [9] Large beer halls soon followed at the festival. At the same time, it attracted more and more showmen and carousel owners who provided additional entertainment. In 1881 the first chicken fryer opened. In 1885, the outdoor areas of the festival grounds were electrically illuminated for the first time. The 16 used Arc lamps were manufactured by Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie installed and were considered a sensation at the time. [10] In 1892 the first electrically powered ride followed [11] and in 1901 the first marquees were electrically lit. [12]
20th century
Advertisement for the Oktoberfest in the Bolzano daily newspaper Dolomiten from September 15, 1934
In 1904, the post office and telegraph office installed (probably for the first time) public telephones:
“On the occasion of this year's Oktoberfest in Munich, a post office along with a telegraph facility with telephone operation and a public telephone point will be set up on the festival square for the period from September 19 to October 12. The same has to deal with the delivery of postage stamps and telephone tickets, the acceptance and delivery of letters and the acceptance of telegrams and for public transport in the period from August 8 a.m. to 8 a.m to be open in the evening." [13]
In 1910 the Wiesn celebrated its 100th birthday and 12,000 hectoliters of beer were served. In the Bräurosl , the largest beer tent at the time, there was already room for 12,000 guests. Today the Hofbräu-Festhalle with 10,000 seats is the largest beer tent at the Wiesn.
The festival was canceled from 1914 to 1918 because of the First World War . In 1919 and 1920 only a small "autumn festival" was celebrated; In 1923 there was no Oktoberfest because of the galloping inflation , in November 1923 the Rentenmark was introduced. There was no Oktoberfest in 1924 either. [14]
During the Nazi era , Nazi propaganda used the Oktoberfest. In 1933 the price for the Maß beer was raised to 90 penny fixed. Jews were forbidden to work at the Oktoberfest. In 1935 the 125th anniversary pompously staged; among other things with a big anniversary parade (motto: "Proud City - Cheerful Country" was supposed to stand for the alleged overcoming of strata and classes; it demonstrated the conformity and the consolidated power of the Nazi regime). The Gauleitung assigned the artistic direction of the anniversary parade to the Nazi painter Albert Reich . 1938 - in March Hitler had annexed Austria and won the Munich conference on the Sudeten question across the board – the Oktoberfest was renamed the “Großdeutsches Volksfest”. The Nazi regime transported a large number of Sudeten Germans to the Festwiese. [15]
During the Second World War from 1939 to 1945 no festival took place. In the post-war period from 1946 to 1948 there was an "autumn festival". Since its inception, the Oktoberfest has been canceled 24 times. In September 1949 the first Oktoberfest took place after the war. [16]
In 1950, the event was opened by Thomas Wimmer (Mayor from 1948 to 1960) for the first time with the now traditional keg tapping in the Schottenhamel marquee. In the course of the following decades, the Oktoberfest developed into the largest folk festival in the world. Horse racing ceased after the war with the exception of the 150th anniversary in 1960 and the 200. Anniversary 2010 no longer held.
1980 bombing
Memorial to the victims of the 1980 bombing
→ Main article: Oktoberfest attack
On the evening of September 26, 1980, a bomb exploded at the main entrance to the festival grounds ( public toilet on the Bavariaring ). 13 People died and more than 200 were injured, 68 of them seriously. The assassination is considered one of the most serious terrorist attacks in German history. The crime has not yet been fully elucidated. The Attorney General at the Federal Court of Justice resumed the proceedings in December 2014.
Cancel
By 2019, the Oktoberfest was the 24th Canceled once, twice because of cholera . [17] In 2020, the Oktoberfest was canceled for the first time since 1949 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . [18]
The Oktoberfest today
Interior view of a beer tent in 2003
The Oktoberfest has attracted millions of visitors every year for the last few decades. More and more guests come from abroad, mainly from Italy, the USA, Japan and Australia. In recent years there has been a trend towards traditional costumes : many Oktoberfest visitors come in lederhosen or dirndls .
The excessive consumption of alcohol by some Oktoberfest visitors has been an issue for a long time. In order to avoid the mood at the Wiesn becoming more and more like the mood at the Ballermann (Mallorca), the responsible organizers developed the concept of the quiet Wiesn in 2005. The tent operators are encouraged to stay until April 18 Clock to play only traditional brass band music and set the music volume to 85 dB(A) limit SPL . This is to keep Oktoberfest attractive to families and older visitors. after 18 Schlager and pop music are also played.
However, some of the Munich residents and guests, as well as some in the press, meanwhile describe the festival as an annoying mass binge, which has nothing to do with a folk festival. [19]
"Old Octoberfest"
Main entrance to the first "Oidn Wiesn" (2010)
Anniversary celebration at the "Oidn Wiesn" (2010)
One of the two entrances and exits at the "Oidn Wiesn" (2013)
On the occasion of the 200th anniversary, a historic Oktoberfest ("Oide Wiesn") was held for the first time in 2010 at the southern end of the Theresienwiese on the area of the central agricultural festival. It also opened one day before the start of the actual Oktoberfest with the tapping of the barrel by the mayor. Historical fairground rides, marquees and other historical attractions such as a fish roasting stick , a chain carousel or a candy floss stand were presented on the five -hectare fenced-off site. In addition to the museum, an animal tent and the racecourse can be visited for an entrance fee. The animal tent includes a petting zoo and is managed by the Hellabrunn Zoo and the Bavarian Farmers' Association. The Munich City Museum took on the design of the museum tent. [20] The anniversary Wiesn was accompanied by an artistic and cultural supporting program in which, for example, the Biermösl Blosn performed. The music bands in – with 850 Seats [21] comparatively small – Herzkasperl Festzelt got by without a loudspeaker system. [22] The marquee was named after a well-known stage character by the actor Jörg Hube , who died in 2009. [23] The six Munich breweries Augustiner, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbräu, Löwenbräu, Paulaner and Spaten only presented a jointly brewed, dark special beer here, which was made according to a historic recipe from the beginning of the 19th century. Century was made. The beer mugs in the festival tents therefore bore the inscription Munich beer and not the company logo of an individual brewery. In contrast to the rest of the Oktoberfest, the "Oide Wiesn" closed at 8 p.m Clock. Instead of the 300,000 guests expected by the city administration, far more than half a million visitors came. [24] The site had to be temporarily closed several times due to overcrowding, as is otherwise only the case with beer tents.
In the following years, the traditional Oktoberfest continued under the name "Oide Wiesn" according to the concept of the then economic officer and today's mayor of Munich Dieter Reiter , albeit in a reduced form. Since then, for example, there has been no horse racing track. The entrance fee has been reduced to three euros. [25] The historical marquee was enlarged by 2000 seats and the old-fashioned fairground rides were preserved. The "Oide Wiesn" became a permanent fixture. However, every four years, during the Bavarian Central Agricultural Festival (last in 2016), it could not be set up due to lack of space. [26]
According to the city council decision of October 16, 2012, admission to the “Oide Wiesn” in 2013 was three euros again. For the first time, re-entry was possible with this ticket. In 2013, the historic fairground rides required one euro to enter. In the musicians' tent, the number of seats increased from 1000 to 1500; outside it rose from 800 to 1000. The city of Munich supported the showmen's foundation with 200,000 euros so that they could run the museum tent, the velodrome and a children's programme. [27]
In 2013 the site was enlarged and beautiful entrances were added. In addition, the museum tent of the Munich City Museum /Schaustellerstiftung was represented again, as in the anniversary year 2010 (nn 2011). The velodrome was enlarged and Fraunhofer landlord Beppi Bachmaier was awarded the contract for the musicians' tent and operated the tent under the name "Herzkasperlzelt" as in 2010. At the Oide Wiesn 2011, the Reichert family still ran the musicians' tent under the name "Zur Beauty Queen". [28]
Spelling and meaning of "Wiesn"
The Oktoberfest is usually called Wiesn (from "Theresienwiese") in Bavarian . The gender of Wiesn is feminine (die Wiesn, in Bavarian d' Wiesn), the number is singular. Since Wiesn is the Bavarian form of Wiese (singular) and not of Wiesen (plural), an apostrophe would be wrong when spelling it (Wies'n suggests the plural word Wiesen with the omitted e). The "d'", on the other hand, is a shortening of "de", Bavarian for "die", and so the apostrophe is correct there. [29]
The term is often used incorrectly for the Theresienwiese itself. Munich residents who talk about the Wiesn mean the Oktoberfest event and not the Theresienwiese as a location. The Spring Festival or the Tollwood Winter Festival are therefore correctly not held on the Wiesn, but on the Theresienwiese. During the Oktoberfest, the Theresienwiese is officially referred to as the Festwiese, for example on the public transport signs put up especially for the festival.
highlights
Horse-drawn carriage in costume
Arrival of Oktoberfest innkeepers and breweries
Chamois beards as the meadow landlords enter the Oktoberfest, 2008
Team of horses from the Hacker-Pschorr brewery
The story of how the Wiesn landlords and breweries moved in as a celebratory start to the Oktoberfest goes back to 1887, when the landlord at the time, Hans Steyrer, first moved from his inn on Tegernseer Landstrasse to the Theresienwiese along with his staff, brass band and a load of beers. In its current form, the move has essentially taken place since 1935, when all the breweries took part in the move together for the first time. Since then, the procession has been led by a woman in a yellow and black monk's habit, representing the Munich child . Since 1950, the incumbent mayor of Munich has followed him in the Schottenhamel family's carriage. They are followed in turn by the magnificently decorated horse and carts and floats of the breweries , as well as the carriages of the other innkeepers and showmen. The procession is accompanied by the music bands of the festival tents. [30] Only Munich breweries are permitted, which currently limits the number of beer brands to six: Augustiner , Hacker-Pschorr , Hofbräu , Löwenbräu , Paulaner and Spaten . [31]
keg tapping
→ Main article: O'zapft is!
After the Wiesn landlords have moved in on carriages from the city center to the festival grounds, at 12:00 p.m the Lord Mayor in the Schottenhamel marquee to the first beer keg. With the tapping and the traditional call: "O'zapft is! On a peaceful Oktoberfest" ("It's tapped! On a peaceful Oktoberfest"), the Oktoberfest is considered to be open. Then twelve cannon shots are fired on the stairs of the Bavaria . This is the sign for the other hosts to start serving. [32] Traditionally, the Bavarian Prime Minister receives the first beer. After that, the first barrels are tapped in the other marquees and beer is served to the Oktoberfest visitors.
Every year, many eagerly await how many hits the mayor throws before the first beer flows from the first keg. The best performance is two strokes ( Ude , 2005, 2008–2013; Reiter , 2015–2019), but it was also 17 or 19 Blows required ( Wimmer , 1950), there is no clear statement. [33] [34]
Costume and Riflemen
In honor of King Ludwig 's silver wedding anniversary I of Bavaria and Princess Therese , a costume parade took place for the first time in 1835. In 1895 the local writer Maximilian Schmidt organized another parade with 1400 participants in 150 costume groups. [35] [36] This has been held annually since 1950 and is now one of the highlights of the Oktoberfest and one of the world's largest parades of this kind. On the first Oktoberfest Sunday, 8,000 participants in their historical festive costumes parade a seven-kilometer route from the Maximilianeum to to the fairground.
This parade is also led by the Munich Kindl (today a woman); He is followed by the notables of the city council and the city administration and the Free State of Bavaria, mostly the Prime Minister and his wife, traditional costume and rifle clubs , music bands, marching bands, colorful flag-wavers and about 40 Carriages with festively decorated teams of horses. Most of the clubs and groups come from Bavaria, but also from other German states, Austria, Switzerland, northern Italy and other European countries. The parade of the Wiesn landlords and the traditional costume and riflemen's procession is organized by Festring München .
marquees
Marquee seen from the Ferris wheel
The Armbrustschützenzelt 2005
In the Löwenbräu marquee 2013
→ Main article: Festival tents at the Oktoberfest
The visitor has 14 large and 15 smaller marquees to choose from. According to the festival's operating regulations, only beer from traditional Munich breweries may be served at the Oktoberfest. The Munich breweries Spatenbräu , Augustiner , Paulaner , Hacker-Pschorr , Hofbräu and Löwenbräu are currently represented with marquees. [37] Since the tents have sometimes had to be closed due to overcrowding in recent years, the city of Munich has set up an Oktoberfest barometer on its website that predicts the respective occupancy rate of the tents.
